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Tutorials
Contents
Saturday evening, 6:00-9:30
Sunday full-day, 9:00-5:30
Sunday morning, 9:00-12:30
Sunday afternoon, 2:00-5:30
Saturday evening, 6:00-9:30
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T1. A Grand Tour of CSCW Research
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Jonathan Grudin,
University of California, Irvine, USA,
Steven E. Poltrock,
The Boeing Company, USA,
and
John Patterson,
Lotus Development Corporation, USA
Room: St. Helens
Origin: A highly-rated CSCW 96 tutorial.
Goals and content: An introduction to Computer Supported Cooperative
Work research for those unfamiliar with the field. We provide a framework for
understanding CSCW as a research domain, a development opportunity, and a
management challenge. We present a taxonomy of CSCW technologies, explain the
computing architectures of CSCW technologies, and analyze successes and
obstacles to success.
This tutorial balances the social and technical issues that thread through
this conference. It also identifies the conference events that expand on this
social and technical framework.
Intended audience: Primarily designed for first-time attendees or those
with a focused interest who would like a broad overview of contemporary CSCW
research and the CSCW'98 Conference. Many people consider the comprehensive set
of references to be worth the price of admission by itself.
About the instructors: Jonathan Grudin has worked as developer,
researcher and consultant on CSCW and groupware. Steven Poltrock introduces,
evaluates, and deploys groupware systems. John Patterson is developing
architectures for synchronous groupwork. The first two instructors are the
co-chairs of CSCW'98.
Sunday full-day, 9:00-5:30
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T2. A Technical Overview of CSCW
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Presun Dewan,
University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, USA
Origin: A highly-rated CSCW 96 tutorial.
Goals and content: In the past decade, a variety of systems
(applications and infrastructures) have been developed to support
collaboration. These systems have been developed in diverse fields including
user-interfaces, multimedia, operating systems, database systems, programming
languages, networking, computer hardware, distributed systems, and
hypermedia. This tutorial will take the audience on a tour of these systems,
discussing technical issues that arise in their design and implementation.
Intended audience: This tutorial will appeal to practitioners interested
in state-of-the-art collaborative applications and infrastructures, and
researchers interested in understanding the technical issues raised by the
design of these systems. The tutorial will assume that participants are
software developers, but will make no assumptions about their familiarity with
the field of CSCW. Thus it will be accessible to "beginners" in this field.
About the instructor: Presun Dewan is an Associate Professor of Computer
Science at the University of North Carolina. His research interests are in
infrastructure for implementing groupware, collaborative software engineering,
object-oriented database systems, and distributed operating systems. He is also
Associate Editor of ACM Transactions on Information Systems and a member
of the IFIPWG2.7 group on Engineering for Human Computer Interaction.
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T3. Activity Theory: Basic Concepts and Applications
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Victor Kaptelinin,
Umeå University, Sweden
and
Bonnie Nardi,
AT&T Research, USA
Origin: A highly-rated CHI97 tutorial.
Goals and content: This tutorial introduces participants to Activity
Theory, a conceptual approach that provides a broad framework for describing
the structure, development, and context of computer-supported activities. The
tutorial will consist of lectures, discussion and small group exercises. A Web
community will be established so attendees will be able to continue to learn
about and use activity theory.
Intended audience: Any researcher, designer or engineer who wants to
understand how computers are used in the context of real activity will find
this tutorial useful. Those interested in CSCW theory in general will also
benefit.
About the instructors: Victor Kaptelinin is a Research Associate at the
Department of Informatics at Umeå University and has written several
articles on the relationship between activity theory and human-computer
interaction. Bonnie Nardi is a member of the Human Computer Interface
Department at AT&T's Information Systems and Services Research Lab and is the
author of Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human-Computer
Interaction (1996, MIT Press).
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T4. The Theory and Practice of Fieldwork for System Development
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Dave Randall,
Manchester Metropolitan University, U.K.
and
Mark Rouncefield,
Lancaster University, U.K.
Origin: A highly-rated CSCW 96 tutorial.
Goals and content: This tutorial has the objective of developing an
appreciation of the various theoretical perspectives utilized by CSCW
practitioners and the practical issues that arise during the conduct of
"naturalistic" inquiry. A number of competing theoretical perspectives will be
examined, compared, and contrasted, including "grounded theory," "soft
systems," distributed cognition, ethnomethodology, participatory design,
"business-led" perspectives, and activity theory. The tutorial will draw from
the instructors' experiences working with design and management teams to
illustrate many of the practical problems associated with doing fieldwork.
Intended audience: This tutorial will be useful for those embarking on
observational studies, and for system developers who wish to become familiar
with issues arising from the adoption of observational methods.
About the instructors: Dave Randall is a senior lecturer at Manchester
Metropolitan University and has done work on air traffic control systems and
retail financial systems. Mark Rouncefield is a researcher at the CSCW center
at Lancaster University who has conducted fieldwork in the financial services
sector.
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T5. Contextual Inquiry: Gathering Customer Data for System Development
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Karen Holtzblatt,
InContext Enterprises, USA
Origin: A highly-rated CHI 98 tutorial.
Goals and content: This tutorial, taught by the originator of contextual
inquiry, presents a practical introduction to the use of field research in
designing computer systems that support and extend people's work. Contextual
inquiry is a technique for interviewing and observing users in their own
workplace as they work. The tutorial will develop skills in data collection,
analysis, and use through hands-on examples of how to apply contextual inquiry
throughout the system development cycle and how to adapt the approach to
different situations.
Intended audience: Anyone interested in designing better products and
systems from an in-depth understanding of customers can benefit from this
beginning-level tutorial. This tutorial is of interest to human factors
professionals, engineers, designers, managers, marketers, and writers.
About the instructor: Karen Holtzblatt has designed products and
processes in the computer industry for the past ten years. She has led teams
in customer-centered design to develop products, strategies, internal systems,
and organizational structures. The techniques she pioneered are used and
taught internationally. She is a co-founder of InContext Enterprises, Inc., a
consulting firm leading design and management teams in using customer-centered
approaches in their organizations.
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T6. Virtual Humans in Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs)
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Nadia Magnenat Thalmann,
University of Geneva, Switzerland
and
Daniel Thalmann,
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland
Origins: An update of a highly-rated
SIGGRAPH 97 course.
Goals and content: The merging of recent developments in virtual
reality, human animation and CSCW has led to new fields of research: the
integration of virtual humans in collaborative virtual environments; the
interaction of humans with virtual humans; and the representation of humans in
virtual worlds. This tutorial will emphasize real-time animation techniques,
real-time motion tracking, and communication among humans and virtual humans,
using examples of social behavior, group behavior, and crowd behavior. The
course will also discuss facial animation techniques for virtual actors and
communication with them. Finally, the interaction among humans and autonomous
virtual humans inside the virtual space will be illustrated with applications
in telecooperative work.
Intended audience: This tutorial is aimed at attendees with intermediate
programming ability and requires some knowledge of computer graphics and
virtual environments.
About the instructors: Nadia Magnenat Thalmann is the founder of Miralab
at the University of Geneva and was previously on the faculty of the University
of Montreal. Daniel Thalmann is a professor and director of the Computer
Graphics Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in
Lausanne.
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T7. Computer Support for Community Work: Designing and Building Systems for the "Real World"
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Doug Schuler,
The Evergreen State College, USA
Origin: This tutorial is new.
Goals and content: This tutorial is designed to introduce CSCW
researchers and implementers to the field of public CSCW applications,
services, and institutions (or, what I call "Computer Supported Community
Work"). It is the goal of this tutorial to present the major challenges and
opportunities involved in this endeavor and to engage all the participants in a
dialogue as to the future of these new systems. Each participant should, after
attending this tutorial, have a much clearer idea what systems might be
developed and what they themselves can do to make them happen.
Intended audience: This tutorial is open to any interested person at any
level of technical expertise.
About the instructor: Doug Schuler teaches in the Computers and Society
area at Evergreen State College. He is one of the founders of the Seattle
Community Network, a free, public computer network with over 12,000 registered
users. Doug is also the author of New Community Networks: Wired for
Change (1996, Addison-Wesley).
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T8. Building Computer-Based Shared Information Systems
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John Mariani,
Lancaster University, U.K.
Origin: A highly-rated
ECSCW 97 tutorial.
Goals and content: This tutorial compares and contrasts the use of
real-world information artifacts and their electronic counterparts in
traditional database systems, provides an understanding of the problems facing
designers and implementers of shared information systems, and indicates how
such systems can present awareness information to end-users. The tutorial will
produce an understanding of the nature of shared information spaces, of the
techniques used to realize shared information spaces, and of case studies about
the design and development of shared information spaces.
Intended audience: People who are involved in, or expect to become
involved in, the provision of a shared information system-including the design,
implementation, or use of such a system. While the tutorial offers some
technical content, the material will be accessible to end-users as well as to
implementers.
About the instructor: John Mariani of the Computing Department and CSCW
Center at Lancaster University has been part of national and international
research teams working on shared information spaces, including the COMIC Shared
Object Service.
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T9. Avoiding Damn Lies: Understanding Statistics
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Alan Dix,
Staffordshire University, U.K.
Origin: A highly-rated CHI 98 tutorial.
Goals and content: Many practitioners and researchers in CSCW have to
use statistics. However, many people, despite their ability to run a
statistics package or calculate simple statistics, remain uncertain about what
the numbers mean. This tutorial will produce an understanding of key
statistical concepts enabling understanding and interpretation of statistical
analyses.
Intended audience: This tutorial is intended for researchers and
practitioners who have used statistics or have learned about statistics, but
feel they need more depth of understanding. The tutorial assumes some prior
knowledge of or experience with statistics-but it is not an advanced statistics
course.
About the instructor: Alan Dix is Professor of Computing and Associate
Dean at Staffordshire University. Before moving into CSCW research, he was a
mathematician and professional statistician.
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T10. Working through Collaboration: A Framework for Designing Technology Support
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John L. Bennett,
Independent consultant, USA
and
John Karat,
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA
Origin: A highly-rated
ECSCW 97 tutorial.
Goals and content: As we design computing technologies to support
collaboration face to face and at a distance, it is important to have a basic
understanding of what makes collaboration work. This tutorial focuses on
distinctions among types of collaboration; the roles of conversations in
establishing and maintaining collaboration; the importance of partnership in
successful collaboration; and the role of culture in supporting
collaboration. Examples of software support using a commercial product (Lotus
Notes/Domino) and the World Wide Web will illustrate strengths and weaknesses
of existing systems. Cases will be drawn from the papers review process for
CHI'98 and from a longitudinal study of a customer service group.
After completing the tutorial, attendees should be able to formulate plans for
designing, evaluating, installing, and bringing into practice technological
support for collaboration.
Intended audience: Anyone interested in gaining new insights on
fundamentals relating to collaboration, in seeing how collaboration can be
facilitated to achieve desired results, and in considering the role of emerging
technologies in support for collaboration.
About the instructors: John Bennett specializes in work with design
teams developing systems that support effective human-computer interaction.
While at IBM Research he served as an IBM Research Staff Member, project
leader, manager, and consultant to development divisions. At several ACM
SIGCHI annual conferences he taught (with people from Digital Equipment
Corporation) tutorials on "Usability Engineering" and on "Contextual
Inquiry" methods. He collaborated in producing the book Bringing
Design to Software, edited by Terry Winograd. He contributed "Building
relationships for technology transfer" to the feature articles in the
September, 1996, Communications of the ACM.
John Karat's current research is focused on improving the design process for
usable systems. He is a member of the ACM SIGCHI Advisory Board, is the
United States representative to IFIP TC 13 (Human-Computer Interaction)
and a member of the Board of Directors of the Federation on Computing in
the United States (FOCUS). He and John Bennett co-presented tutorials
at CSCW94, CSCW96, and ECSCW97. He has been an instructor for the
University of Michigan Summer Schools in Human-Computer Interaction since
1996. He organized workshops at CHI'91, CHI'94 and CSCW92, and
built on the results of the CHI'91 workshop to produce an edited book
outlining the area (Taking Software Design Seriously: Practical
techniques for human-computer interaction design).
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T11. Developing Collaborative Applications on the World Wide Web
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Andreas Girgensohn,
Fuji Xerox Palo Alto Laboratory, USA
and
Alison Lee,
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA
Origin: An update of a CSCW 96 tutorial.
Goals and content:
Building collaborative applications from the ground
up is a challenging task; one that requires balancing social, user
interface, and technical concerns. The Web facilitates this task by
providing building blocks that make it easy to rapidly develop
collaborative applications. Using the Web helps lower the technical
hurdles in the task and allows researchers, designers and developers
to focus on exploring and understanding the sociological and HCI
concerns. This tutorial demonstrates, with fragments of program and
pseudo code, how the Web building blocks can be used to develop
typical collaborative applications consisting of components such as
awareness, shared objects, and conversational tools. Also, the
tutorial highlights ways to address issues (e.g., interactivity,
customization, data and tool integration, control, synchronization,
firewall support, and security) related to using the Web as a
development platform. The goal of the tutorial is to provide insights
into and understanding of the Web building blocks and how to use the
Web as a rapid prototyping platform for collaborative applications. At
the end of the tutorial, participants will be able to begin developing
Web-based collaborative applications.
Intended audience: This tutorial is intended for researchers,
designers, and developers working on building CSCW applications or
interactive Web content. Familiarity with Web browsers and at least
one C-like programming language (e.g., C++, Java, Perl) is
recommended.
About the instructors: Andreas Girgensohn and Alison Lee have
backgrounds and experiences in computer science and human-computer
interaction. They have developed tools and methodologies to support
distributed group work. In the last four years, much of that
development work has been carried out using the Web technologies.
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T12. An Introduction to Distributed Cognition: Analyzing the Organizational, the Social, and the Cognitive for Designing and Implementing CSCW Applications.
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Christine Halverson,
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA
and
Yvonne Rogers,
University of Sussex, U.K.
Origin: A highly-rated CSCW 96 tutorial.
Goals and Content: To introduce the theory of distributed cognition and
elucidate its application to design and evaluation using real examples, and to
provide experience to the participants by providing a hands-on example to work
through. We will explain the importance of adopting multiple perspectives when
designing and evaluating CSCW systems and groupware, and describe the analytic
framework provided by distributed cognition. We will provide a detailed outline
of the micro-methodology, a step-by-step walkthrough of analysis, and a guided
hands-on analysis of a collaborative setting.
Intended audience: Anyone interested in a different way to analyze
collaborative work.
About the instructors: Christine Halverson received her Ph.D. in
Cognitive Science from the University of California, San Diego. For the last 3
years she has been a research staff member at IBM. Yvonne Rogers has a
Ph.D. from the UK and is an associate research professor at the University of
Sussex, where she teaches HCI, CSCW and cognitive science. Both instructors
have used the distributed cognition methodology in many domains.
Sunday morning, 9:00-12:30
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T13. Behavioral Evaluation of CSCW Systems
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Thomas A. Finholt,
University of Michigan, USA
Origin: A highly-rated CSCW 96 tutorial.
Goals and content: Evaluating CSCW systems is much more difficult than
evaluating single-user systems because of the additional group and
organizational factors. Behavioral evaluation consists of having people use
CSCW technologies under appropriate conditions and gathering either qualitative
or quantitative information about their behavior. We will examine a variety of
methods, including case studies, large scale field studies, surveys, and
laboratory studies.
Intended audience: This tutorial is appropriate for designers and
adopters of CSCW systems, as well as researchers interested in understanding
the use of such systems. Some familiarity with CSCW systems is recommended.
About the instructor: Tom Finholt is the director of the Collaboratory
for Research on Electronic Work at the University of Michigan. His current
research interests include collaborative science over the Internet and
geographically distributed development teams in the automobile and
telecommunications industries.
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T14. XML: Modeling Data and Metadata
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Rohit Khare,
University of California, Irvine, USA
and
Adam Rifkin,
California Institute of Technology, USA
Origin: This tutorial is new.
Goals and content: Designers of computer-supported cooperative work
systems have long sought a portable information delivery format to share
knowledge. Extensible Markup Language (XML) provides an effective solution for
communicating across time, space, and communities. This tutorial introduces
the family of Extensible Markup Language specifications to CSCW researchers and
practitioners: XML, Namespaces, XSL (Styles), Xlink, Xpointer, RDF (Resource
Description Format), and Schemas, as well as XML's interaction with other Web
standards such as HTML, CSS, URI, and HTTP.
Intended audience: This tutorial is intended for CSCW developers
evaluating the XML family of standards. No prior knowledge of markup
languages, metadata systems, or knowledge representation is assumed.
About the instructors: Rohit Khare was a member of the technical staff
of the World Wide Web Consortium and was Editor-In-Chief of the World Wide
Web Journal. Adam Rifkin works with the Infospheres Project on the
composition of distributed active objects. His work on Infospheres has
received two conference best paper awards.
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T15. Workflow Management: Concepts, Architecture, Implementation and Deployment
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Christoph Bussler,
The Boeing Company, USA
Origin: This tutorial is new.
Goals and content: This tutorial allows attendees to understand and
characterize the field of workflow management and workflow management
technologies in general. The tutorial will present and discuss the current
state of workflow research, workflow standardization, and workflow products
from a "neutral" viewpoint (i.e., independent of a specific philosophy or
technology). The approach will be an overview of workflow concepts,
architectures, and implementations-as well as references to current literature
on workflow issues.
Intended audience: Anyone interested in workflow management, but
specifically users of workflow management systems who would like to get a
broader understanding and practitioners who want to understand the underlying
concepts of preferred workflow products.
About the instructor: Christoph Bussler is project manager of a Workflow
Management project. He is co-author of Workflow Management: Modeling
Concepts, Architecture and Implementation.
Sunday afternoon, 2:00-5:30
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T16. Using Social Network Analysis to Study Computer Networks: Theory, Methods and Substantive Findings
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Barry Wellman,
University of Toronto, Canada
Origin: A highly-rated
GROUP 97 tutorial.
Goals and content: When a computer network connects people or
organizations, it is a social network. The study of such computer-supported
social networks has not received adequate attention. This tutorial will
demonstrate the usefulness of a social network approach for the study of
computer-mediated communication. Attendees will learn the principles, methods,
and substantive findings of social network analysis, including: how to design
social network research; how to collect social network data, and how to use
standardized packages to analyze social network data.
Intended audience: This tutorial will be of interest to social analysts,
system analysts interested in studying the links between Web sites, and
developers interested in learning how to use social network data to design more
effective groupware and "networkware."
About the instructor: Barry Wellman, a Professor of Sociology, founded
the International Network for Social Network Analysis. He is currently studying
the use of computer-mediated communication in loosely-coupled organizations and
how residents of a highly-wired suburb use 100 Mb Internet access.
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T17. Theoretical Foundations of CSCL: How Do We Learn in Collaborative Settings?
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Timothy Koschmann,
Southern Illinois University, USA
Origin: A CSCW 94 tutorial.
Goals and content: CSCL (Computer Support for Collaborative Learning) is
an emerging area of research in educational technology. The tutorial will
survey four prominent socially-motivated theories of learning (i.e.,
Vygotskyian, Neo-Piagetian, Social Practice Theory, and Distributed Cognition).
Following the overview, working teams will undertake a task designed to deepen
understanding of the four theories.
Intended audience: This tutorial is designed for CSCW researchers and
developers interested in exploring the role of collaborative learning in
supporting cooperative work. No prior background in educational theory will be
assumed.
About the instructor: Timothy Koschmann is a Visiting Associate
Professor at the Institute of Cognitive Science at the University of Colorado.
He is a past program chair of CSCL '95 and conference co-chair of CSCL '97.
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T18. The World Wide Laboratory: Conducting Experiments on the Internet
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Daniel B. Horn,
Elena Rocco,
and
Paul Resnick,
University of Michigan, USA
Origin: This tutorial is new.
Goals and content: Behavioral experiments have traditionally been done
within the walls of a lab. Studies of this type have many advantages (e.g.,
high degree of experimental control), but they have costs and limitations
(e.g., use of participants from a limited geographic area). The Internet
provides new avenues to conduct research, creating new opportunities for
scholars and practitioners. This tutorial examines traditional and new kinds
of studies that can be conducted on the Internet. Covered topics include
recruiting participants, identity verification, data management, on-line
payment, experimental design, and the design of experiment Web sites.
Intended audience: This tutorial is aimed at researchers interested in
expanding their repertoire of methodologies to include Internet-based
experiments. A basic understanding of experimental methods is recommended but
not required.
About the instructors: Daniel B. Horn and Elena Rocco work at the
Collaboratory for Research on Electronic Work at the University of
Michigan. Paul Resnick was a co-developer of GroupLens and is a developer of
PICS (Platform for Internet Content Selection), a set of technical
specifications for the interoperation of Internet labeling and filtering
systems.
SDM
/ cscw98-info@acm.org
/ November 6, 1998
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